Organometallic Catalysis

        Electrophilic Catalysis with Gold, Platinum… (L. Fensterbank, M. Malacria, V. Mouriès-Mansuy, C. Ollivier)

        A review of our work :

        Molecular Complexity from Polyunsaturated Substrates. The Gold Catalysis Approach Fensterbank, L. ; Malacria, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 953-965.

        In this account, the development of several platinum- and gold-catalyzed sequences leading to complex molecular scaffolds from readily available polyunsaturated precursors is described

        A review on NHC-Au complexes :

        When NHC Ligands Make a Difference in Gold Catalysis Gatineau, D. ; Goddard, J.-P. ; Mouriès-Mansuy, V. ; Fensterbank, L. Israel Journal of Chemistry 2013, 53, 892-900.

        The use of carbene gold complexes has resulted in improving a series of existing reactions, in altering some reactivity modes and also by leading to highly asymmetric processes. These three items are discussed on the basis of selected examples.

        New Catalytic Systems :

        Study of the properties of a new family of bimetallic electrophilic complexes

        Metallated-Arene-Phosphino Ligands : A Novel Approach to Open Sided Gold Compounds
        Axet, M. R. ; Barbazanges, M. ; Augé, M. ; Desmarets, C. ; Moussa, J. ; Ollivier, C. ; Aubert, C. ; Fensterbank, L. ; Gandon, V. ; Malacria, M. ; Chamoreau, L.-M. ; Amouri, H., Organometallics 2010, 29, 6636–6638.

        Structure comparison between 1 (b) and Ph3PAuCl (a)

        In collaboration with the group of Hani Amouri, a novel type of metalated phosphino ligands, [Cp*Ru-(η6-arene-PPh2)][OTf], has been prepared in which the –PPh2 unit is attached to a metalated π-arene platform. Preliminary studies on the corresponding gold complexe 1 suggest that cationic complex is active in metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions.

        Gold Compounds Anchored to a Metallated Arene Scaffold : Synthesis, X-ray Molecular Structures and Cycloisomerization of Enyne
        Dubarle-Offner, J. ; Barbazanges, M. ; Augé, M. ; Desmarets, C. ; Moussa, J. ; Axet, M. R. ; Ollivier, C. ; Aubert, C. ; Fensterbank, L. ; Gandon, V. ; Malacria, M. ; Gontard, G. ; Amouri, H., Organometallics 2013, 32, 1665.

        A novel series of π-complexes of phosphino-ligands [Cp*Ru(η6-arene-PAr2)][OTf] has been prepared in which the diarylphosphine unit is attached to a metallated π-arene scaffold. Comparative study of the corresponding gold metal complexes with [Cp*Ru(η6-C6H5-PPh2-Au-Cl)][OTf] 1 revealed important information about the electronic nature of the gold center when bonded to a –PPh2 , –Pp-tol2 or –P(p-C6H4CF3)2 metallo-ligand. Several complexes of the family with electron-donating and withdrawing groups were evaluated towards cycloisomerization reactions of a classical N-tethered 1,6-enyne.

        NHC-Capped Cyclodextrins (ICyDs) : Insulated Metal Complexes, Commutable Multicoordination Sphere, and Cavity-Dependent Catalysis 
        Guitet, M. ; Zhang, P. ; Marcelo, F. ; Tugny, C. ; Jiménez-Barbero, J. ; Buriez, O. ; Amatore, C. ; Mouriès-Mansuy, V. ; Goddard, J.-P. ; Fensterbank, L. ; Zhang, Y. ; Roland, S. ; Ménand, M. ; Sollogoub, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 7213.

        In the context of a collaboration with the group of Matthieu Sollogoub, head of the Glycochimie Organique biologique and supramoléculaire team at IPCM, we evaluated the catalytic properties of new α or β NHC-cyclodextrin(CD)-gold(I) catalysts in cycloisomerization reactions. To our delight, we observed an effect of the cavity on the outcome of the reaction both on selectivity and enantioselectivity.

        Secondary Phosphine Oxide –Gold(I) Complexes and their first application in catalysis
        Schröder, F. ; Tugny, C. ; Salanouve, E. ; Clavier, H. ; Giordano, L. ; Moraleda, D. Gimbert, Y. ; Mouriès-Mansuy, V. ; Goddard, J.-P. ; Fensterbank, L. Organometallics2014, 33, 4051.

        In collaboration with the Giordano-Moraleda-Clavier group in Marseille, a series of new secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) gold(I) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Complexes exhibited dimeric structures interconnected by O-H•••Cl hydrogen bonds. Their preliminary use in homogeneous catalysis is reported and suggests a broad field of application in prototypical enyne cycloisomerization and hydroxy-and methoxycyclization reactions.

        New Reactivities :

        Combination of Gold Catalysis and Selectfluor for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Nitrogen Heterocycles Simonneau, A. ; Garcia, P. ; Goddard, J.-P. ; Mouriès-Mansuy, V. ; Malacria, M. ; Fensterbank, L. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1379-1386.

        We herein report the synthesis of 3-fluoro-2-methylene-pyrrolidine and –piperidine, respectively from 1,5- and 1,6-aminoalkynes, based on a combination of a gold-catalyzed hydroamination reaction followed by electrophilic trapping of an intermediate cyclic enamine by Selectfluor. Careful attention was brought to the elucidation of the mechanism and Selectfluor was suggested to play the double role of the oxidation of gold(I) to a gold(III) active species and the electrophilic fluorination of the enamine intermediates.

        Ring Expansions Within Gold-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of O-tethered 1,6-enynes. Application to the Synthesis of Natural Product-like Macrocycles
        Simonneau, A. ; Harrak, Y. ; Jeanne-Julien, L. ; Lemière, G. ; Mouriès-Mansuy, V. ; Goddard, J.-P. ; Malacria, M. and Fensterbank, L. ChemCatChem 2013, 5, 1096.

        O-tethered 1,6-enynes incorporating a strained ring at the 3 position can cycloisomerize upon cationic gold(I) catalysis through a process involving a ring expansion. Fused tricycles containg a substituted tetrahydropyran are obtained in good yields. We also developed a two-step synthetic sequence allowing the transformation of the cyclized products into ketomacrolactones present in several natural products.

        Gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of [3]-cumulenols
        Ferrand, F. ; Das Neves, N. ; Malacria, M. ; Mouriès-Mansuy, V. ; Ollivier, C. ; Fensterbank, L. J. Organomet. Chem. 2015, 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.003.

        Abstract. The gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of tetrasubstituted [3]-cumulenols has been investigated. Overall, two main pathways are followed. In the presence of a gold(III) catalyst, a dehydration process prevails giving diastereomerically pure dienynes while gold(I) catalysts favor the cycloisomerization to provide trisubstituted furan derivatives.

        Original Polymer Synthesis through an Organometallic Approach

        Gold Catalyzed Polymerization Based on Carbene Polycyclopropanation
        Nzulu, F. ; Bontemps, A. ; Robert, J. ; Barbazanges, M. ; Fensterbank, L. ; Goddard, J.-P. ; Malacria, M. ; Ollivier, C. ; Petit, M. ; Rieger, J. ; Stoffelbach, F., Macromolecules2014, 47, 6652–6656.

        The first polymerization exploiting the carbenic reactivity of homogeneous gold catalysis has been devised. In the presence of a gold catalyst, monomers incorporating both a propargylic ester and an alkene moiety polymerized through a metallocarbene generation/cyclopropanation sequence to afford the corresponding macromolecules. This approach constitutes an unprecedented example of cyclopropanationbased polymerization and allows access to original macromolecule skeletons.

        Chiral Anion Strategy in organometallic catalysis (L. Fensterbank, C. Ollivier)

        Towards rhodium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition

        Atroposelective [2+2+2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by a Rhodium/Chiral Phosphate System
        Augé, M. ; Barbazanges, M. ; Tran, A. T. ; Simonneau, A. ; Elley, P. ; Amouri, H. ; Aubert, C. ; Fensterbank, L. ; Gandon, V. ; Malacria, M. ; Moussa, J. ; Ollivier, C., Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 7833–7835. Highlight : Synfacts 2013, 9, 1311.

        Enantioselective cationic Rh(I)-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions between diynes and isocyanates relying on the chiral anion strategy have been devised. In the presence of [Rh(cod)Cl]2, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and the silver phosphate salt Ag(S)–TRIP as the unique source of chirality, axially chiral pyridones were isolated with ees up to 82%. This approach is novel in the field of chiral anion-mediated asymmetric catalysis since atroposelective transformations have so far remained unprecedented. It also proves to be complementary to the classical strategy based on chiral L-type ligands.

        Towards iridium-catalyzed 1,6-enyne cycloisomerizations

        Enantioselective IrI-Catalyzed Carbocyclization of 1,6-Enynes by the Chiral Counterion Strategy
        Barbazanges, M. ; Augé, M. ; Moussa, J. ; Amouri, H. ; Aubert, C. ; Desmarets, C. ; Fensterbank, L. ; Gandon, V. ; Malacria, M. ; Ollivier, C., Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 13789-13794.

        Enantioenriched bicyclo-[4.1.0]hept-2-enes were synthesized by IrI-catalyzed carbocyclization of 1,6-enynes. No chiral ligands were used, CO and PPh3 were the only ligands bound to iridium. Instead, the stereochemical information was localized on the counterion of the catalyst, generated in situ by reaction of Vaskas complex (trans-[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2]) with a chiral silver phosphate Ag(S)–TRIP. Enantiomeric excesses up to 93% were obtained when this catalytic mixture was used.

        Non-innocent ligands/redox active ligands (M. Desage-El Murr, L. Fensterbank)

        Enlarging catalysis with non noble metals

        Non-Innocent Ligands : New Opportunities in Iron Catalysis, Blanchard, S. ; Derat, E. ; Desage-El Murr, M. ; Fensterbank, L. ; Malacria, M. ; Mouriès- Mansuy, V. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 376–389.

        Increasing concerns regarding cost and sustainability-related issues of noble metals are driving chemists to revisit the chemistry of their neglected cousins : late first-row transition metals, among which iron. The electronic configuration of this metal makes it prone to mono-electronic transfers, which limits its use in true broad-scope synthetic methodologies. The versatile nature of non-innocent ligands (NILs) broadens the synthetic scope of iron catalysis. The ability of NILs to act as a storage/supply unit of electrons allows to promote bis- over mono-electronic transfers, allowing iron catalysts to perform reactions that were previously restricted to noble-metals based catalysts.

        Iron-catalyzed C–H activation

        Tandem C–H activation/arylation catalyzed by low-valent iron complexes bearing bisiminopyridine ligands, Salanouve, E. ; Bouzemame, G. ; Blanchard, S. ; Derat, E. ; Desage-El Murr, M. ; Fensterbank, L., Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 4754–4761.

        A radical choice

        A low-valent iron complex bearing non-innocent bisiminopyridine ligands performs tandem C–H activation/arylation between unactivated arenes and aryl halides. Similar reactions catalyzed by first-row transition metals have been shown to involve substrate-based aryl radicals while our catalytic system likely involves ligand-centered radicals. Preliminary mechanistic investigations based on spectroscopic and reactivity studies in conjunction with DFT calculations lead us to propose that the reaction could proceed through an inner sphere C–H activation pathway, which is rarely observed in the case of iron complexes. This bielectronic noble metal-like behavior could be sustained by the redox-active non-innocent bisiminopyridine ligands.

        Enabling new reactivities

        Iminosemiquinone radical ligands enable access to a well-defined redox-active CuII–CF3 complex, Jacquet, J. ; Salanouve, E. ; Orio, M. ; Vezin, H. ; Blanchard, S. ; Derat, E. ; Desage-El Murr, M. ; Fensterbank, L., Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 10394–10397.

        Reaction of a copper complex bearing iminosemiquinone ligands with a CF3 + source provides an unprecedented CuII–CF3 complex through ligand-based oxidation. Reactivity of this complex leads to nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of the ligand, suggesting an electronic interplay that results in a formal umpolung of the initial CF3 +.